Power-hammer.



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T. SCOTT-KING 52W. NORRES. POWER HAMMER. APPLIGATIOII YILED BBPT. 4, 1906.

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POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT, 4, 1906.

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T; @OTT-KING & W. NORRS.

POWER HAMMER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4, 1 906. v

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POWER HAMMER. APPLICATION FILED SEPTA, 190e.

T. SCOTT-KING & W. NORRIS.

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APPLXOATION FILED SEPT. 4, 1906.

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@L f@ f m Y r mgm y with high pressure vvention the valve THOMAS scorer-KING, or PENARTH, cnnnrrr, AND WILLIAM Nonms, or BLACKPOOL,

ENGLAND.

POWER-HAMMER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dee. 7, 1909.

Application led September 4, 1906. Serial No. 333,180

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, THOMAS Soo'r'r- KING, M. I. M. E.,of 43 Westbourne road, lenartlnCardiH, in the count of Glamorgan, llfales, and IVILLIAM Onlus, of 20 Osborne road, Blackpool, Lancashire, England, subjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Power-Hammers, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to power hammers as used for forging work. 'Such hammers are required to give blows of varying length, force and period, and in so doing reat waste of working fluid has occurred an the maximum efficiency has not been attained.

The object of the present invention is to utilize the expansive force of the working fluid more economically than hitherto, While at the same timeall varieties of blows common to theart may be obtained. To this end we cause the iuid to act expansively in the striking stroke, while the degree o force in the blow may be increased by supplementing the iiuid acting expansively fluid or the force of the blows may be diminished byl increasing the amount of the expansion.

The accompanying drawings forming part of this specification illustrate three con venient constructions, in which:

Figure 1 is an hammer according to'- one form ofthis inbeing shown in section. Figs. 2, 3 and l are sectional views showing the valve in various positions. Fig. 5 illustrates a modified form of valve while Figs 6 and 7 illustrate it in various positions. Fig. 8 shows a further modification in which two Valve casings are provided while, Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate different positions of the form of valve shown in Fig. 8.

In carrying the invention into effect according to the form shown in Fig. 1 the hammer frame, a, is of the general form well known as applied to steam hammers while the anvil, b, is firmly founded. The hammer cylinder, c, is of considerable length and is bored out to two diameters the upper part, d, of larger diameter'v constitutes a working cylinder while the lower part, c,

' formed on the tup,

acts as a guide to thefliammer tup, In the upper 'part theref-works la piston, g, f, so that below this piston and around the tup there is formed an annular space.

elevation of a pneumaticy near the lower end of the working cylinder, d, there entersa pipe, h, leading from a valve chamber, j, in which works a piston valve, la, adapted to control the supply of air to the working cylinder and operated 1n an convenient way by hand. We have illustrated the valve as operated by the usual mechanism employed in connection with steam hammers, that is by means of a rod, m, and operating hand lever, n. The valve chamber, j, is provided with an inlet, o, and an exhaust passage, p, passages lead to annular recesses, q and r, respectively formed around the valve chamber. A liner, s, having Orts' out therein is provided within the va ve chamber while the valve, Ic, itself works within the liner and is provided with a waist or part, t, of smaller diameter.

The working cylinder, d, is provided near its upper end with two ports, 'a and o, the port, il, acting as 'an admission port while the port, o, acts as an exhaust. Four sets of ports, w, y, e, are provided in the liner. The ports, fw, alloggil the exhaust air to pass from the space around the waisted or nar-- row portion, t, of the valve, 7c, to the exhaust'air outlet, p; the ports m, allow the exhaust air to pass from thecylinder, d, through the passage, o, to the waisted portion, t, of the valve. The ports, y, permitthe air to pass from the air inlet, 0, through the ports in` the valve, la, to the interior of the valve chamber from which the com pressed air passes through the pipe, h, to the annular s ace around the tup, f, for the purpose of li ting.

The operation of this hammer will now be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4, Figs.

2 to 4 showing the valve in various positions.

both of which -Into this annular spacer In Fig. 1 the valve, 7c, is 1n position for lifting the tup. Air flows through the inlet, o, ports, y, valve chamber, y', and passage, h, to the annular chamber around the tup while the space above the tup is in communication with the atmosphere through the port, o, to the cylinder', d, ports, and fw in the liner, s, and exhaust passage, p. This is the case till the piston, g, on the tup covers the port,L o, after which the air above the piston has no outlet and in consequence forms'a cushion. It will be understood that by holding the valve, la, in the position shown in Fig. 1 the hammer tup is held up.

Fig. 2 shows the position of the valve for striking ordinary blows. The valve, 7c, is moved upward until the ports, 2, are uneov eredl and placed in communication with the valve chamber, simultaneously with which vthe exhaust ports, ie, are closed. The high piston, g, but aso upon the weight of the tup. v

Fig. 3 shows the valve in position for striking dead blows 'es giving a squeeze to the material on the anvil. To do this the valve, le, is moved upward to its extreme position so las to place the high pressure air inlet in communication with the waisted portion, t, of the valve, le. The air from the underside of the tup piston which was used to raise the tup, passes through the passage, la, and the interior of the valve and enters the tup chamber above the tup piston by means of the passage, u, through holes iu the valve which register with the ports, e, thus giving the piston an initial movement. As soon as the tup has moved sufficient distance to uncover the passage, e, air at full pressure is admitted through the ports, y, w and passage, n, in series and a maximum dead blow is effected, and at the end ot' the stroke of the tup a cramping or squeezing action can be obtained. lt will be seen that'at tirst the air from below the tup piston acts expansively to move the tup but as soon as the passage, l', is uncovered the pressure above and below the tup piston is equalized and the blow ob tained by means of the larger area on the upper face of the ytup piston. l

Fig. 4 is a View showing the position of the valve for holding the tu 1n any i'equired position. In this position the valve, le, closes the ports, lw, y, and .2, whereby the air above and below the tup piston is inclosed and there is no mot-ion of the tup.

In Figs. 5 to 7 a form ot the invention is shown in which no provision is made for striking dead blows. Iligh pressure air vin this form enters through the lower opening, 0, while thelexhaustI takes place through the upper` opening p. Fig. 5 shows the valve m neutral `position for holding the` hammer tup f' in any part ot' its tra'vel.l The ports w, 3;, rind e in the liner are all closed.

Fig. 6 shows the valve in position for lit't-` ing or holding up the tup..l ,lligh pressure air enters at, o, and passes through the passage, i, to the annular space around the tup,

f, and below the piston, g.

Fig. 7 shows the valve in position for striklng a blow. The valve is moved downl` ward to uncover the port, u, leading to the' top of the working cylinder, d, whereby the air in the annular space around the tup and Vin the clearance spaces in the valve chamber mitted through the opening 8 while the exhaust takes place through the opening 9. The arrangement of the hammer cylinder is the same as described with reference to' Fig. 1. f

Fig. 8 shows a valve in position for lifting or holding up the tup. High pressure air Hows in through inlet 8 around the waisted portion 12 of the valve 2 into the annular space around the, tup through the 'port 13 as shown by thel arrow in Fig. 8. The upper end of the pist-on is meanwhile open to the atmosphere through port, 1),. waisted portion 14 of the valve 13 and exhaust passage 9.

Fig. 9 shows the position of the valve for striking a blow. The valve is moved upward until the annular space below the piston, g, is placed in communication with the upper end of the working cylinder, (l, through the passage, 13, waisted portion 12, pipe 10,- and passage, a, as shown by the arrows in Fig. 9. The exhaust passage is of course closed. l

Fior. 10 shows the position of valve for striking a' dead blow. The valve is moved upward to its extreme position so` as to establish conm'iunication between the upper end of the working cylinder, Land the high pressure air inlet 8. The annular space below thc piston, g, being also connected to the high pressure air inlet so that as before the effective area is the difference between the cross section of the working cylinder, d, and the annular space around the tup or in other words the etfcctive working area pressing the tup down is equal to the crossl section of the tup.

Although we have described our invention as'applied toa vertical form of hammer it should be understood that it may be conveniently applied to other forms. Also by nianipulating the valve any degree of blow Allt) may be given; thus it will be seen that if the will also be understood that any other moditieations may be Iliade to the form of valve employed without departing vfrom this invention, which has for its main object to produce a multiple expansion power hammer so as to render the operation of these lmore economical and etlicient.

Having now particularly' described and ascertained the nature and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare thatI what we claim is l. In combination with the anvil and frame of a pneumatic hammer, a tup and tupk chamber, a piston on said tup and working in said chamber, a valve chamber and a valve therein, high pressure air and exhaust connections to said valve chamber, a passage opening into the lower end of said tup chamber whereby high pressure air ca n act to raise the tup, a passage through the valve in communication with said passage opening at the lower end of the tup chamber and also in communication with a passage opening into the upper end of said chamber, whereby the air used to raise the tup can act expansively on said tup to strike a blow and'another passage opening to the uppei end of said chamber acting in conjunction with said valve to admit high pressure air direct whereby the 'force of the blow is increased and a cramping action is obtained.

2. In combination with the anvil and frame of a pneumatic hammer, a tup` an tup chamber, a piston on said tup and working in said chamber, a valve chamber, a ported cylindrical liner of the same diameter throughout its entire length within said valve chamber, high pressure air and exhaust connections to said chamber and opposite different sets of ports in the liner, a passage opening into the lower end of tup ,-.hamber and a passage opening into the upper end' of said chamberwhereby the air used to raise the tup can act expansively on said tup to strike a blow and said upper passage acting in conjunction with said valve to admit high pressure air direct whereby the force of the blow is increased and a cramping action is obtained.

55. In a pneumatic hammer, a tup and tup chamber, a valve and valve chamber havin a ported cylinder liner, high pressure and exhaust connections opposite different sets of ports in the liner, two connections leading from the valve chamber to the upper end of hammer cylinder, a connection leading to the' lower end of said cylinder, a cylindrical valve having a waist or narrow portion and arrangedto worlcwithin the liner.

il. In combination with the anvil and fra-me of a pneumatic hammer, a tup and tup chamber, a piston on said tu land working in said chamber, a guide cylinder placed below an opening from said tup chamber in which guide cylinder the tup is a working of our said inventionact to raise the tup, a passage lfit, a valve chamber and a valve therein,

into the lower end of said tup chamber whereby high pressure air can act to raise the tup, a passage through the valve in cominunication with said passage opening at the lo'wer end of the tup chamber and also in vcommunication with a passage opening into the upper end of said chamber, whereby the airy used to raise the tup can act expansively on said tup to strike a blow and another passage opening to the upper end of said chamber acting in conjunction with said valve to admit high pressure air direct whereby the force of the blow is increased and a cramping action is obtained.

5. In combination with the anvil and frame of a pneumatic hammer, a tup and tup chamber, a piston on said tup and working in said chamber, av valve chamber, a ported cylindrical liner of the same diameter throughout its entire length within said valve chamber, high pressure air an exhaust connections to said chamber and opposite dierent sets of ports in the liner, a passage opening into the lower end of tup chamber, a valve chamber, and a valve therein, high pressure air and exhaust connections to said valve chamber, a passage opening into the lower end of said tup chamber whereby high pressure air vcan act to raisethe tup, a passage through the valve in communication with said passage opening at the lower end of the tup chamber and also in communication with a passage opening into the upper end of said chamber, whereby the air used to raise the tup can act expansively on said tup to strike a blovsT and another passage opening to the upper end of said chamber junction with said valve to admit. hi h pressure air direct whereby the force of t e blow is increased and a cramping action is obtained.

6. In combination with an anvil and frame of a pneumatic hammer, a tup andy tup chamber, a piston on said tup and working in said chamber, a valve chamber and a valve therein, high pressure air and exhaust connections to said valve chamber, acylindrical liner of uniform diameterV out its entire length within said valve chamber, a passage opening into the lowerend of tup chamber, whereby high pressure air can through' the valve in communication with said passage opening into the lower end of said tup chamber, a passage through said valve, a passage through said liner and a passage opening into the upper end of ,said tup chamber whereby vthe air used to raise the tup can act expansive'ly on said tup to strike a blow and a passage opening to the upper end of said tup chamber acting in conjuncacting in conthroughi tion with said valve to admithigh pressure 'air directl whereby the force ofthe blow is increased and a cramping action is obtained. 7. In combination with an anvil and frame of a pneumatic hammer, a tup and tup chamber, a piston on said tup and Working in said chamber, a Valve chamber and a valve therein, high pressure air and eX- haust connections to said valve chamber7 a cylindrical -liner of uniform diameter throughout. its entire length within said vakje chamber, a passage opening into the lower end of tup chamber, whereby high pressure air can act to raise the tup, a passage through the Valve in communication .with said passage 'opening into the lower end of said tup chamber, a passage through said valve, a. passage through said liner and a-passage opening into the upper end ofl said tup chamber whereby the air used to laiseI the tup can act expansively on said tup to strike a blow, a passage through said pressure air is admitted direct above the tupA piston to increase the force of the blow and to obtain a cramping action.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures in the presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS SCOTT-KING. WILLIAM NORRIS. VVitnesses:

BERNARD POOLE, SYDNEY Hos. 

